Introduction
Have you ever been mesmerized watching a squirrel diligently bury a nut in your yard, preparing for a time when food is scarce? These acrobatic and charming creatures bring life and energy to our gardens and parks. While their antics are endlessly entertaining, understanding what these little animals eat is vital if you intend to provide them with supplemental food. Doing so responsibly ensures their health and prevents unintended consequences.
This article provides a thorough overview of suitable foods for squirrels, offering guidance on what to offer, what to absolutely avoid, and best practices for feeding that promotes their well-being, helps avoid dependence, and prevents attracting other less desirable creatures. Learning about a squirrel’s diet empowers you to be a responsible and informed observer of these fascinating animals.
Understanding Squirrel Diets: What Squirrels Naturally Eat
Squirrels, in their natural habitat, are opportunistic omnivores, meaning their diet is quite varied and adapts to what’s available. While they are often associated with nuts, their diet extends beyond them to include seeds, fruits, vegetables, and, on occasion, even insects, eggs, and fungi.
The cornerstone of a squirrel’s natural diet is composed of nuts. Acorns, walnuts, and hickory nuts are particularly favored because they provide a rich source of fats and calories, essential for survival, especially during colder months. Seeds, like sunflower and pumpkin seeds, also constitute a significant portion of their dietary intake, offering important vitamins and minerals.
Fruits such as berries and apples offer quick energy bursts and essential nutrients, while vegetables like corn and mushrooms contribute additional vitamins and fiber. Although less common, squirrels will sometimes consume insects, eggs, and fungi, providing them with protein and other essential nutrients.
It’s also important to remember that a squirrel’s dietary needs can vary depending on the season. During autumn, squirrels are actively foraging and storing large quantities of nuts and seeds to prepare for winter. This is the time of year they are most commonly seen burying their treasures, ensuring they have a reliable food source when options are limited. Winter and early spring are the most challenging periods for squirrels as their stored food supplies begin to dwindle and fresh food sources are scarce. This is when they might rely on the remaining nuts and seeds they buried, and occasionally, they may even resort to eating tree bark or buds.
The Best Foods to Offer Squirrels
If you choose to supplement a squirrel’s diet, it’s important to offer foods that are both nutritious and safe for them. Here’s a breakdown of the best options:
Nuts
Nuts are a fantastic choice, mimicking a significant part of their natural diet. Walnuts are a particularly good source of healthy fats and calories. However, they can be relatively expensive. Acorns are another great option, readily available in many areas. However, it’s essential to leach the tannins from acorns before offering them to squirrels, as high tannin levels can be harmful. Hazelnuts are easy for squirrels to crack open and provide essential nutrients. Other nuts to consider include pecans and unsalted almonds.
Seeds
Seeds provide a good source of energy and nutrients. Black oil sunflower seeds are a popular choice due to their high oil content, making them a valuable energy source, especially during colder months. However, always opt for unsalted varieties to avoid health problems. Pumpkin seeds are another healthy choice, packed with vitamins and minerals. Other beneficial seeds include squash seeds and melon seeds.
Fruits & Vegetables
Fresh fruits and vegetables offer important vitamins and minerals to squirrels. Apples, cut into small pieces, are a sweet and nutritious treat. Seedless grapes are another easy-to-eat and healthy option. Berries, such as strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries, can be offered in moderation, providing antioxidants and vitamins. Corn, in whole kernel form, can be offered occasionally as a supplemental food source. Carrots, either in small pieces or shredded, provide essential vitamins and fiber. Cooked sweet potatoes, cut into small pieces, are also a nutritious option.
Special Treats (in VERY limited quantities)
Certain foods can be offered as occasional treats, but moderation is crucial. Avocado, in small amounts, provides a good source of healthy fats. Small pieces of whole-grain bread can be offered very occasionally, but should not be a staple of their diet.
Foods to Avoid Feeding Squirrels
While it’s tempting to offer squirrels any readily available food, it’s crucial to avoid foods that are harmful or lack nutritional value.
Processed Foods
Processed foods, such as salty snacks like chips, pretzels, and crackers, and sugary foods like candy and cookies, should be avoided. These foods are high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats, which can lead to health problems and obesity. Chocolate is especially dangerous as it’s toxic to many animals, including squirrels.
“Human Food” in general
Avoid feeding squirrels anything that is heavily seasoned or processed. These foods often contain ingredients that are harmful to squirrels and offer little to no nutritional benefit.
Dried Corn
Dried corn can be particularly harmful to squirrels, potentially causing impaction and other serious health problems.
Peanuts (in large quantities)
While squirrels enjoy peanuts, they should be offered in moderation. Peanuts are high in aflatoxins and low in essential nutrients, which can lead to deficiencies if consumed in large quantities.
Bread (white bread)
White bread offers little nutritional value and can cause digestive issues in squirrels. Avoid feeding them white bread or other processed baked goods.
Milk
Squirrels are lactose intolerant and cannot properly digest milk. Avoid offering them milk or other dairy products.
Pine nuts
Pine nuts can be high in phosphorus, which, in excess, can cause mineral imbalances in squirrels.
Responsible Feeding Practices
If you choose to feed squirrels, it’s essential to do so responsibly to ensure their health and prevent unintended consequences.
Moderation is Key
Overfeeding squirrels can lead to dependence on humans and can discourage them from foraging for natural food sources. It can also contribute to obesity and other health problems.
Offering a Variety
Provide a variety of healthy foods to ensure squirrels receive a balanced diet. This helps them obtain all the essential nutrients they need.
Cleanliness
Regularly clean feeding areas to prevent the spread of disease. Remove uneaten food to avoid attracting unwanted pests, such as rats and mice.
Placement
Place feeders strategically to avoid attracting unwanted pests. Choose locations that are accessible to squirrels but less accessible to other animals.
Water Source
Provide a clean source of water, especially during dry seasons. A shallow dish of water can be a lifesaver for squirrels during hot weather.
Consider Native Species
Plant native trees and shrubs that provide natural food sources for squirrels. This encourages them to forage naturally and reduces their reliance on human-provided food.
Check Local Regulations
Before feeding squirrels, check local regulations to ensure it is permitted. In some areas, feeding squirrels might be restricted or discouraged due to concerns about public health or wildlife management.
DIY Squirrel Feeder Ideas
If you want to provide squirrels with a dedicated feeding area, consider building or buying a squirrel feeder. Simple platforms or “squirrel picnic tables” can provide a safe and convenient place for squirrels to access food. Ensure the feeder is easily accessible for squirrels and provides protection from the elements.
Conclusion
Understanding what squirrels eat is essential if you want to provide them with supplemental food. By offering them a balanced and nutritious diet of nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables, while avoiding harmful foods like processed snacks and white bread, you can contribute to their health and well-being. Remember, moderation is key, and practicing responsible feeding habits, such as maintaining cleanliness and providing a water source, is essential for ensuring that these charming creatures thrive in our environment. By providing them with a healthy and balanced diet and respecting their natural foraging behaviors, you can contribute to the well-being of these delightful creatures and enjoy their presence in your backyard for years to come.
